colonoscopy risks infection

colonoscopy risks infection

Large Bowel Diseases In India at Affordable Cost – Large Bowel Surgery

 

Large Bowel Diseases In India

 

What is a colonic polyp ?

A polyp is a benign (non-cancerous) growth of the lining of the colon (large bowel). It can be anything from 2mm up to 5cm or more in diameter. Commonly, the abnormal cells form a small ball (about the size of a pea) on the end of a stalk of normal cells. The type of cell that forms the polyp varies and is important in determining its potential for developing into a cancer…..

 

Large Bowel Disease

The Division of Gastroenterology provides diagnosis and treatment for many large bowel diseases, including:

  • Diarrhea
  • Colon cancer
  • Colon polyps
  • Ulcerative colitis
  • Crohn’s disease….

 

 

Types of polyp

Metaplastic polyps versus adenomatous polyps : -

The most common sort of polyp is a metaplastic polyp (in which cells change from one normal type to another). These usually do not grow much more than 5mm in diameter and have almost no risk of becoming malignant (cancerous). These polyps can be very similar in appearance to adenomatous polyps, the next most common type, which do have the potential to become malignant…..

 

Other rarer types of polyps include : -

Juvenile polyps : -      these are usually solitary polyps called hamartomas that affect 1 to 2 per cent of older children or adolescents. A single polyp carries no significant cancer risk but when these polyps are inherited and usually multiple (about one third of patients), the colon cancer risk is about 10 per cent. In this case, regular surveillance after excision (cutting out) of all polyps is required….

 

Peutz-Jeghers polyps : -     found in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, in association with freckling of the lips, are also of the hamartomatous type. These usually present in early adult life and carry a low but definite risk of malignancy, probably around five per cent per polyp, so they need excision. The number of polyps per individual is very variable and ranges, from as few as one or two to as many as 20 or more….

 

Inflammatory pseudopolyps : -     can occur as a complication of ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease of the colon. They are completely harmless and carry no risk of cancer but they can be confused with adenomatous polyps on examination….

 

Cronkhite-Canada syndrome: -    an exceptionally rare condition, involves multiple colon polyps, hyperpigmentation (darkening of the skin) and nail atrophy (wasting away). The syndrome is not inherited and affects middle-aged or older individuals. It is linked with malabsorption and has been reported to respond to vitamin E therapy….

 

Treatment

Polypectomy

Most polyps can be removed during colonoscopy while the patient is sedated. This is done by passing a wire snare down the colonoscope, looping and tightening the snare around the stalk of the polyp, then passing an electric current through the wire. This coagulates the blood vessels and then cuts through the stalk. The polyp is then usually sent to the pathology laboratory for microscopic examination……

 

Surgery

Occasionally, a polyp is too large to be removed endoscopically, usually when the diameter is more than about 4cm and, particularly, if the base of the polyp is broad with no well-defined stalk. In these cases, endoscopic removal can carry an unacceptably high risk of bleeding or perforation. Such polyps are also more likely to already contain cancer and removal by surgery that opens up the abdomen can be the safest option to ensure cure…..

 

Risks

As with any surgery, risks include infection and bleeding. Anesthesia-related risks include reactions to medications and problems with breathing.

Additional risks include : -

  • Bulging through the incision
  • Narrowing (stricture) of the opening
  • Blockage of the intestine from scar tissue….

 

 

 

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